Originally proof against mortar shells later, against explosives dropped by aircraft.Ĭavalry - troops trained, equipped, and armed to march, maneuver, and fight on horseback.Ĭhief of staff - the senior officer on the staff of a command or the personal staff of a commanding general, who acts as the principal advisor to the commanding officer and coordinates the activities of the various staff sections of a division or higher level.Ĭoast artillery - the Coast Artillery Corps and the coastal armament. A gun having a 40-foot bore in length and 12 inches in diameter is said to be 40 calibers long.)Ĭasemate - a bombproof structure. (Number of calibers was found by dividing the length of the bore by the diameter. Brevet rank was discontinued around the end of the 19th century and the awarding of medals eventually replaced brevet rank.Ĭaliber - (1) the diameter of the bore of a gun (2) diameter of a projectile (3) unit of measurement used to express the length of the bore of a gun or mortar. Brevet rank could be used as actual rank (with appropriate pay) only by direction of the President or in certain other special circumstances. For example, during the Mexican and Civil wars, a Regular Army officer serving in a volunteer regiment might receive brevets in both the Regular Army and in the wartime volunteer army. Separate bevet series applied to the Regular Army and the wartime volunteer forces. He was entitled to be addressed by his highest brevet rank, yet in actual authority and pay he remained a captain commanding a company. An officer might be given a single brevet, say a captain being brevetted major, or he might be brevetted all the way to brigadier general. (2) a unit in the artillery branch similar to a company in the infantry or a troop in the cavalry.īreech - the rear part of the bore of a gun specifically, the opening where the projectile is inserted in the bore of a breech-loading gun.īrevet commission - an honorary rank given to an officer in an age before medals became common, for valor in combat or for long and meritorious service, that was one or more ranks above an officer's actual rank for which he was paid. Air Force.Īrsenal - a building or establishment for manufacturing, storing, repairing, and issuing arms and ammunition.Īrtillery - (1) all guns heavier, of larger caliber, and longer range than a machine gun (2) all the ammunition, supplies, and equipment required for firing such guns (3) the personnel trained and employed to fire such guns (4) the science, art, act, and process of firing such guns.īarbette - a base or support (such as a platform, a carriage, etc.) on which a gun is mounted for firing over a wall or breastwork.īarbette tier - the top level, or roof, at the fort at Fort Point on which guns were mounted.īattalion - a tactical unit composed of a headquarters and two or more companies or batteries.īattery - (1) a group of guns, mortars, artillery pieces, etc., placed under one tactical commander in a certain area. The "United States Army" is composed of the nation's ground forces, as opposed to the U.S. Army headquartered at the Presidio of San Francisco. Following World War II the numbered armies of the U.S. Larger tactical commands are formed by grouping two or more armies into an army group. Usually listed as the Combat Arms.)Īrmy - the largest tactical unit in the military forces of the United States. (The Corps of Engineers and the Chemical Corps are referred to both as arms and technical services. Later, air service/air corps.In the modern Army - infantry, artillery, and armor. In the "old" Army - infantry, artillery, and cavalry. Army, in the War Department, was the chief administrative officer for the Army.)Īdobe - Sun dried, unburned brick of clay and straw.Īide-de-camp - a member of the personal staff of a general officer, acting as his confidential assistant.Īrm - one of those branches of the Army organized, trained, equipped, and employed principally for combat and engaged in direct combat. Adjutant - a staff officer in charge of and responsible for administrative functions within the unit, including correspondence and records.Īdjutant general - the adjutant of a division, corps, or army.
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